US uses Sinai crash to serve notice of its new space surveillance powers
Leaks about the evidence found on cockpit voice recorders and from forensic examinations of the victims of an airliner crash like that of the Metrojet flight that came down in Egypt’s Sinai can be taken seriously when there are no immediate official denials.
Which means that there was sudden chaos in the cockpit of the Russian charter company’s A321 on Saturday when it abruptly fell out of the sky 23 minutes after leaving Sharm el-Sheikh for St Petersburg that prevented an emergency call being made.
And which also means passengers seated in the rear of the jet suffered severe burns and in many cases dismemberment from a fire and explosion.
Reports link the cockpit sounds black box leak to Cairo, where Egypt has started a crash investigation, and the forensic disclosures to the teams examining and identifying bodies taken to St Petersburg.
Both leaks occurred in jurisdictions where critically important wide circulation reports like this seldom happen without the tacit if not active sponsorship of the state.
To add to the signs of an explosive and fiery event on board Metrojet 9268,NBC News learned that a US surveillance satellite, intended to warn in real time of nuclear tests and rocket launches, as well as less catastrophic hostile acts, registered a heat ‘bloom’ matching the time and location of the airline’s sudden disablement over the Sinai Peninsula.
That leak is, if verified, of historic importance beyond flight 9268, because it is the first time an unequivocal statement of surveillance capabilities of this nature has been made in relation to a plane crashing, being shot down, or going missing.
There were abundant hints about such surveillance in relation to the disappearance of MH370 on 8 March 2014 and the 17 July 2014 shoot down of MH17 over eastern Ukraine, but nothing as concise as this.
(For followers of reputable US defence watch bulletins, these more precise capabilities may also be comparatively recent, building on previous less accurate systems.)
Speculation as to why the US might show its hand in such surveillance in relation to Metrojet 9268 must ask about a decision that could be about using it as a pretext for notifying China, and Russia, of the precision of the latest heat detecting capabilities of its surveillance platforms. A timely if tragic pretext for getting the message out.
On the ground the evidence is undeniable when it comes to a mid-air break up, despite some contrary official claims, and the tail area of the Metrojet continues to attract attention.
The rudder is missing from the tail structure that housed it. The rudder is an essential control surface for an airliner. Finding the rudder and determining if it came off before the larger tail sections of the jet broke away from the fuselage, or afterwards, because of severe aerodynamic stresses, is important.
In summary, the officially tolerated signs are that there was an explosion or fire on board Metrojet 9268Â at the moment a severe upset occurred that the pilots could neither describe nor control as the jet fell to earth.
The cockpit voice recorder leak being widely reported refers to an unusual mechanical noise. The inference is that this was a destructive event. The black box flight recorders, the other being the flight data recorder, stop the moment their power supply is interrupted.
Similarly, the reason Flightradar24 only recorded 20 seconds of the event’s effects on the vertical speed of the jet is most likely because the A321 had become so damaged that it was no longer capable of transmitting flight information, when it was at more than 28,000 feet after having rapidly surged upwards to more than 33,000 feet from 31,000 feet and then falling to around 27,000 feet before recommencing a sharp upwards path.






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An important point regarding satellite capability Ben. You may well be right that the level of precision could be recent and also limited to areas of major military concern. But it is not credible that this level of surveillance has developed so quickly that the US did not have effective global coverage of heat signatures as large as two cruise powered jet engines pump out just a few years back. The US have revealed that they could track MH370. Whether they did or not is another question. Why they wouldn’t now reveal its track if they have it would be another one entirely.
Being remote from the centre of gyration, the pilots would have been squeezed breathless against their harnesses early, long before the plane flung itself apart. Perhaps had no time to speak before they couldn’t speak at all.
Burning questions indeed. It seems to be that about a month ago that the US started serious briefing of DC defence media on the infra-red detection capabilities it had and was now ready to talk about more on the record than had been the case.
Whether this was really new tech, or a change in tactics in relation to Russia and China because of much bigger concerns, is interesting to think about.
I am not so sure that the heat signature of jet engines would be detectable from space….the heat isn’t that intense after the turbines have extracted all useful energy, and the exhaust is mixed with cold fan bypass air. If it were possible there would be over 200,000 such signatures detected daily. To say nothing of the background noise of lightning, smokestacks, bonfires, etc.
A vast amount of spectral image data collected by such a satellite would have to be filtered before transmitting selected events. An explosion might be identified by a hot spectrum with fast rise and fall across a minimum area. Rocket trails might be sought as a hot spectrum, of a certain maximum width, minimum length and maximum straightness. Perhaps faint-to-the-eye contrails have a characteristic IR spectrum, so jets might be tracked too.
The now aging DSP satellites in geosynchronous orbit, designed to detect ICBM launches, have been able to detect jets using afterburner and the booster rockets of smaller missiles since the 70s.
The newer SBIRS and STSS systems could presumably do better, though I wonder if they’d be up to simultaneously tracking every jet engine across half the planet. They may be only able to concentrate on a smallish area at a time. These systems are also, IIRC, not yet complete.
“heat bloom” does not sound like an exhaust trail.
If there are no signs of a bomb or a missile then another technology might be present.
If so, the US is putting out the message: When you use this technology we will see it! And we will come for you.
Bugsmasher, thats incorrect. The capability is apparently worldwide and ‘near instantaneous’ which translates to every 10 sec or so according to published reports.
For $18bill you would expect nothing less.( But being from Lockheed it was years late and over budget).
People said the same about the Snowden revelations, ‘cant be done’ they said. Essentially those capabilities were there too.
It’s all about the computers & their software….
I remember when British Aerospace were developing the ‘Big nosed/big assed’ version of the Nimrod, to serve as an AWACS platform.
The Nimrod airframe was tried & tested & the massive radomes didn’t affect it’s handling particularly,
all the radar hardware was relatively new, but after a bit of work, functioned very effectively, most of the time.
The problem was that the radar observers / operators were unable to tell the difference between one aircraft & another unless their identification transponders switched-on.!!!
When you’re trying to decide whether a nuclear bomber is sneaking up on you in the busy air-lanes to the East of the major European cities, or concerned that a strike fighter might be about to threaten your troops on the ground,
not recognising the difference between a Tupolev bomber & a Boeing 737 would have been a bit of a problem for the operators.?
I think the US might be subtlety reminding Russia that it knows a lot more than they do about what is going on in the world. Part of the new cold war we seem to be in with Syria, Ukraine, Afganistan etc. the poor souls on 9268 has become part of a bigger chess game. Shame that civil aviation becomes part of this.
SBIRS originally comprised 4 dedicated geosynchronous satellites plus sensors on two high and highly eliptical orbit satellites. That has now been extended to 6 GEOs and 3 HEOs. The GEOs provide overlapping stationary equatorial disk coverage and the HEOs sequentially provide moving northern hemisphere polar coverage. The extras are presumably for performance improvements and redundancy.
The first two HEOs were operational by 2008 and the first two GEOs by November 2013 (in time for MH370, if in view). HEO-3 was launched in late 2014 and passed an on-orbit test milestone this week. GEO-4 was also launched in 2014.
There is little published information on sensor capability. This is from a Lockheed publicity blurb:
So there’s a full disk (“staring”) sensor plus pointable spot telescopes … but, given the satellite layout, probably not huge ones. From high earth orbit, the maximum (diffraction limited) resolution of the full disk sensor on a single satellite is going to be pretty poor — 100s of metres. But they clearly have some capacity to operate in tandem for 3D tracking, which would improve things a bit. And then there’s those “agile” spot scopes, which presumably track rapidly and automatically to any ‘interesting’ target (e.g. a missile).
Spot scope resolution of course depends on apperture, which we don’t know. We do know that the Pentagon recently gave away some Hubble-sized imaging mirrors (4 m class), because they were obsolete. But given the geometry of these satellites, the spot scopes aren’t going to be anywhere near that big.
And then there’s STSS, the low earth orbit, high-resolution gear intended to support missile interception…
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